Porth CM (2011) Essentials of pathophysiology, 3rd edn. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams &

Wilkins, Philadelphia

Rajasekaran D, Elavarasan J, Sivalingam M, Ganapathy E, Kumar A, Kalpana K, Sakthisekaran D

(2011) Resveratrol interferes with N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma at

early and advanced stages in male Wistar rats. Mol Med Rep 4(6):12111217. https://doi.org/

10.3892/mmr.2011.555

Raje N, Anderson K (1999) Thalidomide: a revival story. N Engl J Med 341:16061608. https://doi.

org/10.1056/NEJM199911183412110

Rambaldi A, Iaquinto G, Gluud C (2002) Anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease: a

Cochrane review. Am J Gastroenterol 97(7):16741681. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9270

(02)04182-5

Rasool M, Iqbal J, Malik A, Ramzan HS, Qureshi MS, Asif M, Qazi MH, Kamal MA, Chaudhary

AGA, Al-Qahtani MH, Gan SH (2014) Hepatoprotective effects of Silybum marianum

(Silymarin) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (glycyrrhizin) in combination: a possible synergy. Evid

Based Complementary Altern Med 2014:641597

Rawat AKS, Mehrotra S, Tripathi SC, Shome U (1997) Hepatoprotective activity of Boerhaavia

diffusa L rootsa popular Indian ethnomedicine. J Ethnopharmacol 56(1):6166. https://doi.

org/10.1016/S0378-8741(96)01507-3

Rechinger KH (1984) Flora Iranica Alliaceae. Akademische Drucku Verlagsanstalt, Graz

Rechinger KH, Lemond JM, Hedge IC (1994) Flora Iranica (Umbelliferae). Akademische Druck

Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp 269297

Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J (2009) Global

burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use

disorders. Lancet 373(9682):22232233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60746-7

Rehm J, Samokhvalov AV, Shield KD (2013) Global burden of alcoholic liver diseases. J Hepatol

59:160168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.007

Rivera-Espinoza Y, Muriel P (2009) Pharmacological actions of curcumin in liver diseases or

damage. Liver Int 29(10):14571466. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02086.x

Rose P, Whiteman M, Moore PK, Zhu YZ (2005) Bioactive S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide

metabolites in the genus allium: the chemistry of potential therapeutic agents. Nat Prod Rep

22(3):351368. https://doi.org/10.1039/B417639C

Sagar R, BhaijiA TFA, RathB SHB (2014) A comprehensive review on herbal drugs for

hepatoprotection of 21st century. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis 4(4):191195. https://doi.

org/10.4103/2231-0738.139397

Sahpaz S, Garbacki N, Tits M, Bailleul F (2002) Isolation and pharmacological activity of

phenylpropanoid esters from Marrubium vulgare. J Ethnopharmacol 79(3):389392. https://

doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00415-9

Salama SM, Abdulla MA, Al Rashdi AS, Ismail S, Alkiyumi SS, Golbabapour S (2013)

Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa on thioacetamide induced liver

cirrhosis in rats. BMC Complement Alt Med 13(1):56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-

13-56

Samuel AJSJ, Mohan S, Chellappan DK, Kalusalingam A, Ariamuthu S (2012) Hibiscus vitifolius

(Linn) root extracts shows potent protective action against anti-tubercular drug induced hepato-

toxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 141(1):396402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.051

Sangamithira SP, Revathy J, Abdullah SS, Kumar PS (2016) The hepatoprotective effect of

ethanolic bark extract of Terminalia arjuna on paracetamol induced liver damage. Biosci

Biotech Res Asia 8(2):777781

Satyapal US, Kadam VJ, Ghosh R (2008) Hepatoprotective activity of livobond a polyherbal

formulation against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int J Pharmacol 4(6):472476

Senior JR (2008) What is idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity? What is it not? Hepatology 47(6):

18131815. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22332

Sharma A, Shanker C, Tyagi LK, Singh M, Rao CV (2008) Herbal medicine for market potential in

India: an overview. Acad J Plant Sci 1(2):2636

29

The Pathophysiology of Liver Disorders and Pharmacotherapy Options with. . .

581